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When thinking of great rock performances, often as not it’s the guitarist or the vocalist who get the plaudits – typically with a band situation they tend to have the more in-your-face personalities – the pyrotechnics – the flashiest gear or technique – often it’s left to the drummer and bass player to hold the fort making sure everything hangs together. However when it comes to the music – bassists more than hold our own – we’re renowned for inventing some of the most compelling hooks and melodies in music as this list of all time great bass lines shows.

1/ New Years Day – U2

Adam Clayton tour-de-force – simple pounding riff – the key element to an all time classic taken from U2’s 1983’s War album

2/ The Chain - Fleetwood Mac

Classic Fleetwood Mac – all burning guitars and energy – but there in the middle eight – building up for the finale - John McVie’s simple but incredible hook.

3/ Walk on the Wildside – Lou Reed

Over 30 years old but still has that incredible sliding bass hook that everyone knows – produced by Bowie – Perhaps Lou Reed’s finest – and underpinned by that fabulous Herbie Flowers riff.

4/ Pink Floyd – Money

Roger Waters in his prime – great riff to start the song – again – an all time classic that everyone remembers for the bass part.a

5/ Stand by me – Ben E King

Originally a hit in 1961 – this soul classic with it’s repetitious (but instantly recognizable) 1–6-4 5 note bass riff is a lesson in creating a simple but great groove.

6/ Give it away – Red Hot Chili Peppers

Flea – cut loose – loads of punk slap and slide – a single brilliant take on why Flea is one the best bassists ever

7/ Penny Lane – The Beatles

Brilliant walking melody from Paul McCartney – released in 1967 – a fantastic lesson in how the melody and song structure can be derived from a brilliant bass line.

8/ Sunshine of your Love - Cream

Jack Bruce – repetitious thundering bass line – from one of heavy rocks first great anthems – Cream’s finest hour.

9/ Under Pressure - Queen

John Deacon’s finest – pulsating riff – sampled often but never beaten

10/ Don’t give up – Peter Gabriel

Tony Levin showing that Bass parts aren’t just about storming riff’s - Levin uses a repeating hook to create the mood of the piece – a lesson in delicate playing!

bass-soup.com Bass-Soup.com - a resource for all Bass guitarists and enthusiasts - from articles, free bass guitar lessons through to Bass Guitar Reviews - Bass-soup has it all.

Etymologically the vocabulary of the English
language is far from being homogenous. It
consists of two layers - the native stock of
words and the borrowed stock of words.
Numerically the borrowed stock of words is
considerably larger than the native stock of
words.

In fact native words comprise only 30% of
the total number of words in the English
vocabulary but the native words form the bulk
of the most frequent words actually used in
speech and writing. Besides, the native words
have a wider range of lexical and grammatical
valency, they are highly polysemantic and
productive in forming word clusters and set
expressions.

Borrowed words or
loanwords are words taken from another
language and modified according to the patterns
of the receiving language.

In many cases a borrowed word especially one
borrowed long ago is practically
indistinguishable from a native word without a
thorough etymological analysis. The number of
the borrowings in the vocabulary of the
language and the role played by them is
determined by the historical development of the
nation speaking the language.

The most effective way of borrowing is
direct borrowing from another language as the
result of the contacts with other nations.
Though, a word may be also borrowed indirectly
not from the source language but through
another language.

When analyzing borrowed words one should
distinguish between two terms - source of
borrowing and origin of
borrowing. The first term is applied to
the language from which the word was
immediately borrowed and the second - to the
language to which the word may be ultimately
traced. The closer the two interacting
languages are in structure the easier it is for
words of one language to penetrate into the
other.

There are different approaches to
classifying the borrowed stock of words.

The borrowed stock of words may be
classified according to the nature of the
borrowing itself as borrowing proper, loans
translation and semantic
loans.

Loan translation or calque
is a phrase borrowed from another language by
literal word-for-word translation.

Semantic loan is the borrowing of
the meaning for a word already existing in the
English language.

Latin loans are classified into the
subgroups.

Early Latin loans. Those are the
words which came into English language through
the languages of the Anglo-Saxon tribes. The
tribes had been in contact with Roman
civilization and had adopted many Latin words
denoting objects belonging to that civilization
long before the invasion of the Angles, Saxons
and Judes into Britain (e.g., cup, kitchen,
mill, wine, port).

Later Latin borrowings. To this
group belong the words which penetrated into
English language in the sixth and seventh
centuries, when the English people were
converted to Christianity (e.g., priest,
bishop, nun, and candle).

The third period of the Latin
borrowings includes words which came into
English due to two historical events: the
Norman Conquest and the Renaissance. Some came
to English language through French but some
were borrowed directly from Latin (e.g., major,
minor, intelligent, permanent).

The latest layer of Latin words.
The words of this period are mainly abstract
and scientific words (e.g., nylon, molecular,
vaccine, phenomenon, and vacuum).

The tendency of the English language to
borrow extensively can be traced during the
centuries. Thus, one can confidently claim that
borrowing is one of the most productive sources
of enrichment of the English vocabulary.

Linda Correli is a staff writer of customresearchpapers.us/ customresearchpapers.us/ and an author of the popular online tutorial for students “What Teachers Want: Master the Art of Essay Writing in 10 Days”, available at go2essay.com/ go2essay.com/.

Ever dreamed of travelling to isolated wilderness areas to photograph the landscape but been defeated by the practicalities of getting there? Wished you had a helicopter? Wondered how you could hike with a heavy pack and camp out for days at a time?

Well, this Australian amateur wilderness landscape photographer did it. Here’s the story of the daunting task that lay ahead and how I overcame the obstacles.

Background

My son works at Olympic Dam Mine situated about 90km north of Woomera in outback South Australia, and lives with his wife and little family at Roxby Downs, the town constructed to service the mine. He’s an electrician, and besides taking a few pictures of electrical installations, the massive machinery he often works on, and my granddaughter, has little interest in photography.

I drove for 21 hours from the Far South Coast of New South Wales, to visit my son and to see this arid desert region, which has become his home for the foreseeable future.

Opportunity for Wilderness Landscape Photography

Well, the desert is fairly flat and quite bland at first glance but that’s not the full story.

With dry salt lakes, myall trees, stone strewn clay pans, and red sand dunes, wilderness landscape photography images clamour for my attention from Roxby Downs to Andamooka and beyond to Lake Torrens.

Getting Around the Desert

But how can I get around? Distance is so vast and the country so inhospitable. It will kill you just for being there if you don’t look out. The family station wagon won’t go far off the bitumen. The tracks are so rough, and when it rains in this six-inch rainfall country, even a 4×4 will bog down or slip in the clay soil. There’s no way I could afford a 4×4 good enough for the trip from the coast to the centre and reliable enough to go out alone into that country. Furthermore, you wouldn’t take a good-looking vehicle on those rocky, desert tracks.

So I decided on an ATV. That’s an “All Terrain Vehicle,” “Quad Bike,” “four wheel motorbike.” I can transport it in a trailer behind the car and go to the end of the road, then jump on the bike.

Setting Up The ATV

The bike, set up with boxes on the back and front racks, pulls a small trailer. With this configuration I not only get myself way out beyond where a 4×4 will go without too much walking, but also my camera gear, tools, emergency supplies, water, fuel and my camp as well. In a nutshell, that’s about it.

Navigating the Wilderness Landscape

Navigation is with a topographic map, compass and GPS. Using the coordinates from the GPS, I know where I am on the map which is so much simpler than trying to identify distant features on a flat landscape.

For months, in my spare time, I studied the maps, getting the feel of the geography and topography and comparing this to the satellite images on Google Earth. This way I identified areas of likely interest. It’s amazing how the salt build up in Lake Torrens shows up on the satellite images confirming what I suspected from the elevation contours on the topographic map.

Wilderness Landscape Photography Trip

It’s 82 km from the bitumen to Bosworth Homestead, travelling right across Arcoona Station on the way. Parking the car beside a shearers hut, and after some good geographic and topographic advice from the pastoralist, I jumped on the bike and headed out along the track that follows the western side of Station Creek to Andamooka Island and made camp as the sun was setting.

Now, I’ve always wanted to camp on an island since I read “The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe”, as a boy. Andamooka Island, about 40 km long and up to 10 km wide is in Lake Torrens and separated from the mainland by a channel varying in width from a couple of hundred meters to a couple of kilometres.

The shallower parts of the channel were dry, so crossing was no trouble. Extensive salt water holes in the channel, super saturated and with the salt crystallizing out, provided micro and full view landscape images over coming days. With the sky subtly reflected in the base of salt crystals covered with shallow water, the stark vista was a wilderness landscape photography opportunity to be seized. Sights to blow your mind!

Camping Out

Camping, as you would imagine, was pretty basic. You can’t carry much on an ATV. No esky means no fresh meat, but tinned tuna on top of tinned beans and spaghetti goes down well when you’re hungry.

Priorities in Wilderness Landscape Photography

Photography took precedence over eating. Each day: out of bed, on the bike and off photographing before sunrise. Back to camp for brunch about noon. Off photographing again till late and then try to get back to camp before the diminishing glow of the setting sun left me in the dark. Although I have good lights on the bike, the country is just too rough to cover in the dark.

Hidden Dangers in the Desert

Although rare, this country is known to host the world’s most venomous snake, the inland taipan, as well as the king brown and several other dangerous species. There are also said to be scorpions about. I’m told that the dingoes have been eradicated from this area, south of the dog fence, but the nights were still pretty scary. Every time the breeze rustled the tent I’d wake, laying tense and listening for the sound of pads on the rocks. Needles to say, I gave my sleeping bag a good shake out before getting in each night.

Coming Wilderness Landscape Photography Trip

Well, I came home with a heap of digital images, some colour film to send for processing and some B&W to process myself. I’m going again, you know. Want to come with me? Then go to my website, send an e-mail and we’ll talk about it.

Laurie McArthur is a wilderness landscape photographer based on the New South Wales Far South Coast, Australia.

Laurie’s images may be viewed at

The main idea behind the film “Advertising and the end of the world” is to portray to its viewers the mass materials and resources used to build the final product that people see through advertising may actually become extremely scarce at the rate the world is going. Another main idea through the film is trying to have viewers decide whether material things do make you happier or not as society gets filled more and more with mass media advertising.

Idealism uses everything that is perfect, beautiful and happy. These are the main techniques employed in advertisement of the material things. This is what has taken human kind away from the community contacts. That is why advertising has become a part of our everyday lives, since we look at all the commercial movies and everything we see makes us think that is the way our lives should be and creates images of true happiness. This is connected to one of the key theories of Media Literacy where medium contains ideological and messages of significant value which states that all media products are advertising, in some sense, in that they proclaim values and ways of life. In terms of technology, it has also played a vital role in advertising because it has made commercials excite our mind through sight and sound a lot more. This is the key to influencing audience and turn it to a group of consumers, because more consideration, endeavor, ingenuity has gone into selling goods better than ever before and to change humans consciousness.

Anywhere you go there is advertising. When at home, watching sports on television there are commercials that play over and over on all different channels, and also regular billboards on sports channels right in your face. When in the Arena/Stadium the billboards are in fact in your face. When people travel and go to school, there are advertisement posts on buses, metro, and all spread around in schools. This is connected to one of the key concepts of Media Literacy where Media has commercial implications which states that Media Literacy aims to encourage an awareness of how the media are influenced by commercial considerations, and how these affect content, technique and distribution. But even though their are so many commercials and advertisements, it also comes at a very high price. Commercials seen on television can go over those costs of a regular full length movie. For example like Pepsi and Blockbuster during the Super bowl.

When I viewed this film it really caught my attention and i was persuaded by the argument surrounding the entire video. I do think that the world will be in trouble if it continues to use resources to mass produce material products. But I don’t think it will be easy for people to use less. Because there is such a demand for products and in turn this needs advertising, unfortunately I don’t think there will be a decrease in the use of resources. I think that happiness does not come from material things and that we do not get happier as society gets richer. I truely think that the social elements of life such as family values, good self-esteem, leisure time, romance and love only makes life happier to which advertising can’t provide.

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Last year my son had the opportunity to begin instrumental music lessons and band at school. He chose saxophone and seems to be enjoying the experience, most of the time.

Last year, when all the parents were called to the band-room at school to learn about the school’s instrumental program, I was eager to go. When I walked into the room with all the chairs arranged for band practice, the music stands poised in front of the chairs, a rush of nostalgia swept over me. It was such a long time since my days of playing flute in the band at school. I, like my son, started playing an instrument in the fourth grade. I remember the first day of lessons, twelve girls sitting nervously with their flutes. The music teacher was trying to teach us the embouchure. He told us to make believe we were kissing our boyfriends; waves of giggles filled the air. By fifth grade six of us were left, by sixth grade only four. Eventually, I was the lone flute player in my grade.

My mother never missed a band concert, quite a feat for a mother of five children. Band was when I would spend time with my friends Julie and Karen. They were one grade ahead of me, but sat right next to me in band, they were flute players too. We were all in the marching band together too. Every high school football game that was played at another school, the marching band had a school bus bring us to the game. We would spend the time on the bus singing cheers for the football team, or any song at all, a snare drum keeping time for us. At the games, one of the cheerleaders became our cheerleader, often directing us when to cheer with our instruments, it was so much fun.

Our band director took the marching band seriously, no rings or jewelry while in uniform, no gloves in cold weather. We practiced every night after school, sometimes for two hours. We weren’t allowed to read music as we marched; we were to memorize it all. He had us practice elaborate formations for our half-time shows, we were good. A couple of years I played piccolo in the band, I liked that too. The director was a stern man. Julie, Karen and I took delight in small acts of defiance, we were never his favorites, but we had each other.

I played the flute for many years, but I was never a stellar flute player, fair at best. I was not interested in practicing very much. My parents rented my flute from the fourth grade until the end of school. Then my flute was gone, given back to the school, I haven’t played since.

As my son practices his saxophone, I wish I were playing along at his side. My friend Julie, who is now a band director at a school, told us that the fingerings on a saxophone are similar to a flute. I tried playing my son’s sax once; it was very different to me. I find myself skimming the classified ads, seeing if anyone is selling a flute. I wouldn’t dream of buying a new one because I’m not convinced I would actually play it much. I rarely practiced when I had one.

I accompanied my son to his saxophone lesson tonight. His instructor had a flute displayed in his studio for the first time. I just stared at it from across the room, then my son asked him to play it. I listened to the lyrical, clear tone of the instrument, and once again I was taken back to my youth. I believe it is only a matter of time before a flute and I find each other, and this time there will be no letting it go.

bmiers.blogspot.com bmiers.blogspot.com

It’s important for great writers (and hack writers like me) to know what is going on in the world. To do that I sometimes check the popularity of keywords on the Internet.

The first thing you learn when you are looking at the popularity of keywords is this: Internet users are in two major groups, teenagers and sex-fiend morons.

Some experts say that these are not subgroups but one group, teenage-sex-fiend morons.

I disagree with that. How would I separate my grandkids from the sex-fiend morons?

Kids love music. I saw a kid the other day lying on the grass at our town park. He was sound asleep but his radio was blurting out what kids in our town call music. He had a little sign around his neck. It was hanging from a gold chain and was beautifully engraved in mahogany. The sign said, “I Love Lindsay Lohan.”

The son was out but at this time of the year the ground is pretty cold. There was a large slab of cardboard by the swimming pool. I dragged it to where he was snoozing, and with a little shifting and grunting, I got him on the cardboard. To my surprise he said, “Thanks Mister!” Then he went back to sleep.

I decided that I would check on this Lindsay Lohan. After all, she was near the top of the keyword list. She is even above Pamela Anderson, a perpetual keyword list-hog.

At this point I would like to digress and write about Pamela. However, a writer must take control of himself, so I’ll resist that urge.

I had never heard of Lindsay Lohan. She probably passed right by me as I snoozed in front of the television set. I decided to do what I always do when I need extremely important knowledge. I placed the name in the search box provided by my friend Mr. Google®. Up popped some sites!

I went to the Official Site. I wanted first-hand information.

The official site is: llrocks.com. There was a lovely shot of Lindsay Lohan. Her blue eyes and auburn hair would put any teenage boy into a twigajam (if not that, her cleavage). A twigajam is what teenage boys get into when they are very excited. You can add “twigajam” to your dictionary too.

At the official site I learned that Lindsay Lohan was not a goddess that popped out of a cherry blossom. She was born like everybody else. In fact she was born in New York City to showbiz parents just in time to get on the Dave Letterman Show.

Her mother was a Radio City Music Hall Rockette.

Her father is what you call a financier.

She has siblings too, so she is definably human.

Like many of our divas, she was a model, a cute little redhead. She acted too, a childhood prodigy. That’s about what it says at her official site.

I learned at this point in her biography that I must have seen her many times on television.

She starred in Jell-O® ads with Bill Crosby, Incorporated.

That’s when she hit the big time. She played “GARBAGE” on the Dave Letterman Show. (The site hints that is why within weeks, Letterman left NBC for CBS. Maybe Lindsay’s dad had some financial interest in NBC. You never know!)

Anyway, Lindsay was so good at playing D-train garbage that she soon had many acting roles.

In September, 2002, Lindsay fulfilled her dream to be a singer.

That’s what she does now.

And we have to give David Letterman some credit!

copyright©John T. Jones, Ph.D. 2005

John T. Jones, Ph.D. (tjbooks@hotmail.com)is a retired R&D engineer and VP of a Fortune 500 company. He is author of detective & western novels, nonfiction (business, scientific, engineering), poetry, etc. Former editor of international trade magazine. Jones is Executive Representative of International Wealth Success.

More info: tjbooks.com tjbooks.com

Business web site: bookfindhelp.com bookfindhelp.com (IWS wealth-success books and kits and business newsletters / TopFlight flagpoles)

One of the most rapidly growing games on the internet is poker. Online poker is being viewed by many as not only a way to have fun, but also a way to make some serious money. More and more, people are relying on online poker to provide them with a steady source of income. And this is not a gesture made in vain, there are a lot of websites that offer very substantial prize allowance each month, totaling in the millions. Lots of players want to get in on this kind of action and take part of those millions home in prizes as a part of their income.

Online poker is often marketing as a challenging and rewarding game, and this is very true. You play against other poker enthusiasts in poker rooms stemming from the site. So, in addition to the compelling monetary reasons for looking into the hobby of gambling, you also have the temptation of the challenge that it poses. There is also a matter of pride that may be at stake. Since poker has become a bit of a sport, many players vie to be the best at what they are doing.

Additionally, online poker is accessible twenty four hours a day, seven days a week. Gamblers can access online poker sites to play at whatever time they want, on whatever day they want, from the comfort of their own home. It is very comforting when you can access any gaming site from your own home. Most websites provide you with a secure connection to the poker rooms, so you can feel confident about your security.

Professional SEO. He helps a number of online gambling sites like:

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A photograph released Saturday, April 17, 1993 revealed the existence of the farthest known galaxy, some 72 trillion billion miles from earth. That means the picture shows the galaxy as it existed 12 billion years ago. The picture was taken by the most powerful optical telescope on earth, at the $94M W. M. Keck Observatory on the Island of Hawaii. The telescope is at 13,600 feet near the summit of Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano.

Let’s summarize for a moment. The sky can be thought of as an infinite void filled with a relatively few stars and galaxies. The astronomers did not know where to point the telescope. The galaxy was discovered 20 years ago. They had no idea where to start. A normal procedure might be to assign a small section of the universe, the sky, to a group of astronomers and they in turn search that area for new finds, the classic looking for a pin in the haystack phenomenon.

Now let us come down to earth. There is an almost identical search going on in laboratories all across the country. The search I’m referring to does not include telescopes however, but does involve computers. They are searching for numbers, very large numbers.

Father Marin Mersenne (1588-1648) has been given credit for developing the series of numbers that we now refer to as Mersenne Prime numbers. The numbers are in the form of 2 raised to the nth power less one and bear the expression, Mp = (2^p)-1 with p equaling, 2,3,5, 7,11,13, etc. In 1644 he asserted that the only values for which Mp is prime are: p = 2,3,5, 7,13,17, 19,31,67,127 and 257. For example the Mersenne prime number for p = 7 is (2^7)-1 or 127. It can be readily seen that when p = 67, 68, etc. that the numbers are very large. These numbers were more or less taken as fact until F. N. Cole (1861-1927) proved that M67 was not a prime number. That is, it was divisible by another number other than itself and the number one. When he was asked how long it took him to crack M67, Cole answered, “three years of Sundays”.

October 1903 in New York American Mathematical Society, Cole walked up to the board, and saying nothing, proceeded to chalk up the arithmetic for raising 2 to the 67th power. Then he carefully subtracted 1. Without a word he moved over to a clean space on the board and multiplied 193,707,721 x 761,838,257,287. The two calculations agreed. Mersenne’s conjecture, if surely it was, vanished into the limbo of mathematical mythology. For the first and only time on record, an audience of the American Mathematical Society vigorously applauded the author of a paper delivered before it. Cole took his seat without having uttered a word. Nobody asked him a question.

Although Cole and others found fault with Mersenne’s numbers they have remained a popular study for mathematicians all over the world, to this day.

It has only been the past few years that this phenomenon could be explored with any major degree of success. The reason being, as the numbers get very large each one in turn must be divided by all numbers up to 1/2 it’s value to determine if it is indeed an integer. In past decades this procedure gobbled up huge amounts of time or involved many people. In recent years, the advent of high-speed computers, such as the Cray super computer, has greatly enhanced this research. However, to this day, a small number in the order of 20 or so of the numbers are known to exist.

The normal procedure for a search would be to explore an area where a Mersenne Prime number is thought to exist, much like searching for a galaxy. The oddity here, because the speed required to duplicate the test is so great, another program and super computer are required to confirm the fact once a find is made by a companion computer.

In Conclusion it can be said that there are an infinite number of Mersenne Prime numbers although the number is small in comparison to the totality of numbers. The same can be said about galaxies. There are an infinite number of galaxies although the number is far smaller than the total space in the universe. This is just another example of my infamous quote, “Everything is the same. It’s just different.”

Benjamin J Cox is an author, novelist, poet, speaker, writer and humorist. He has written a book, Insider Dreams, a 911 Novel. He was born on a dirt street in a Waldron, Arkansas, in 1943. He graduated from the University of Tulsa with a degree in Electrical Engineering. He is married with three children, five grandchildren. He is the President of Mayes County Writers Club, the Treasurer of Pryor Creek Investment Club and a member of Will Rogers Toastmasters Club. He is retired and lives with his wife in Pryor, Oklahoma. He like to run, enjoys big band dancing, Speaking before groups, and writes every day.

Las Vegas casinos are places where you can unwind and enjoy yourself. Different casinos will offer you different styles of entertainment, gambling of course being the common theme. The excitement of live gaming, high-class dining, comfortable accommodations, state-of-the-art slots, electronic keno and video poker machines - everything will be in place in most of the joints to ensure you enjoy your trip there (even if you lose money).

You should never forget that it’s the job of the casinos to make money at your cost. So it’s wise to set yourself a limit. You may not succeed in sticking to it, but to try that will do you no harm. The blackjack and roulette tables can ruin your holiday. If you gamble a few rounds you may win a few bucks, but try a little longer and it’s all gone. Leave the long sessions to the people who go to Vegas just for the gambling. Remember, the casinos pay for Las Vegas. So some people win but most of them end up on the losing side.

Better avoid casinos that don’t have a hotel attached to them. Most of these joints will try to aggressively lure you in and take you for a ride. It is wise go into any hotel/casino in town and gamble because your odds are a lot better in a hotel/casino.

So take a little money, go have fun, enjoy the free drinks, and go home with ease in knowing you’ll have enough money to live another day.

You might well lose some money, but the experience and the fun of losing will perhaps leave you richer.

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The most perplexing holding in draw poker is two pairs. Playing other holdings is almost always a cut-and-dried matter compared with the problems faced by the man with two pairs. When holding two pairs, if the man on your right opens, by all means bump.

You will have to do your raising before the draw, because, holding two pairs, it is important to drive everyone out as quickly as possible.

The reason for this is that your chances of improving with the draw are very slim. There is only one possible holding you can _ improve to-a full house–and the chances of your filling up on a draw to two pairs are about the same as your chances of catching to an inside straight, roughly 11 to 1.

For this reason, you should bet heavily before the draw, and, if you fail to improve, check after the draw.

Much will depend on where you are sitting. If a man on your right opens, an immediate raise may force those who have not already bet out of the hand. Thus, the number of those who will be drawing to a pair and, perhaps, outdrawing you, is reduced.

If you open the betting and catch a raise from a man on your left, call when it comes around to you, unless you are holding a strong two pair (e.g., aces up). If you open and a man on your right raises when it gets around to him, raise back with two pairs.

This will make it pretty expensive for the others, and while they are in for something already, some will fold rather than throw in twice as much to protect their original call.

If you opened and everyone stays, but no one raises, check, after the draw, unless you fill up or have aces up. This is simply protection for your hand.

If you open and draw one card, the other players know you hold either two pairs or three of a kind, and if any of them catches three of a kind, he may bump you and will certainly win. You have little to gain by betting, and will often lose.

Tim McGovern is a racing fan, owner and trainer for over 30 years. Thoroughbred racing partnerships and real estate partnerships are now the focus of his energy. This article and many more are available at 99To1.com 99To1.com.